Figure 1

ACC stimulation induces ultrasonic vocalization in freely moving mice. (a) An example of ultrasonic responses from a single mouse at four different frequencies before, during and after ACC stimulation (at 0.3 mA). 1 min duration; see filled circle for the stimulation site within the ACC in (e); (b) ACC stimulation (0.3 mA; n = 6) increased the frequency of individual ultrasonic responses; * P <0.05, comparing the frequency during ACC stimulation with baseline response before the stimulation; (c) ACC stimulation (0.3 mA; n = 6) also increased the duration of single ultrasonic response; * P < 0.05, comparing the duration during ACC stimulation with baseline duration before the stimulation; (d) Summarized data of ACC stimulation (n = 6) produced ultrasonic responses at different intensities. Total vocalization responses (sec) within 2 min ACC stimulation were plotted against the intensity of stimulation; (e) Stimulating sites in ACC on the schematic representation of coronal section 0.62 mm anterior to the Bregma. Filled circle, for data shown in (a); open circles, other sites for data shown in (b-d).