From: Loss of long-term depression in the insular cortex after tail amputation in adult mice
Pain model | Species | Method | Brain region | Induction protocol | Key findings | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tail amputation | Mouse | Field potential recording | CA1 | LFS (1Â Hz, 15Â min) | No effect on LTD induction | [45] |
LFS (5Â Hz, 3Â min) | ||||||
Partial sciatic nerve ligation | Mouse | Field potential recording | CA1 | LFS (1Â Hz, 15Â min) | No effect on LTD induction | [46] |
Digit amputation | Rat | Field potential recording | ACC and parietal cortex | LFS (1Â Hz, 15Â min) | Lost LTD in the ACC but not parietal cortex | [37] |
LFS (5Â Hz, 3Â min) | ||||||
Tail amputation | Mouse | 64-channel field potential recording | ACC | LFS (1Â Hz, 15Â min) | Rescue of lost LTD by mGluR1 activation | [38] |
Bone cancer pain | Mouse | Whole-cell patch-clamp recording | ACC | Paired training | Impaired LTD accompanied by reduced NMDA receptor expression | [47] |
Tail amputation | Mouse | 64-channel field potential recording | IC | LFS (1Â Hz, 15Â min) | Impaired electrical LTD | The present study |
DHPG-LTD | Intact chemical LTD |