Figure 1

Effects of warming on the activation of TRPA1 by mustard oil (MO) in HEK293 cells stably expressing rat TRPA1. A-C (upper), current amplitudes measured at -80 mV by whole-cell voltage clamp recording in response to MO (100 μ M) at 23 (A), 34 (B) and 39°C (C); (bottom), changes in temperature throughout the recording. I, current density; T, temperature. D, representative current-voltage relationships of MO-evoked currents at the temperature indicated. V, membrane potential. E, temperature-response relationship of MO-evoked currents at various temperatures. Rel. Curr., relative current density normalized to the average current density at 23°C n = 10 in each bar. F, representative current traces evoked by 100 μ M MO with pretreatment and coapplication of vehicle (Veh, black) or HC030031 (10 μ M, HC, red) during the period indicated by a white bar. The arrow indicates an increase in current following washout of drugs. Dotted lines indicate the duration of MO application. Scale bar, 0.1 nA, 1 min.