Loss of long-term depression in the insular cortex after tail amputation in adult mice

Molecular Pain

Table 1 Summary of previous studies on injury-evoked changes in the induction of LTD

Pain model	Species	Method	Brain region	Induction protocol	Key findings	Reference
*Tail amputation*	Mouse	Field potential recording	CA1	LFS (1 Hz, 15 min)	No effect on LTD induction	[45]
*Tail amputation*	Mouse	Field potential recording	CA1	LFS (5 Hz, 3 min)	No effect on LTD induction	[45]
*Partial sciatic nerve ligation*	Mouse	Field potential recording	CA1	LFS (1 Hz, 15 min)	No effect on LTD induction	[46]
*Digit amputation*	Rat	Field potential recording	ACC and parietal cortex	LFS (1 Hz, 15 min)	Lost LTD in the ACC but not parietal cortex	[37]
*Digit amputation*	Rat	Field potential recording	ACC and parietal cortex	LFS (5 Hz, 3 min)	Lost LTD in the ACC but not parietal cortex	[37]
*Tail amputation*	Mouse	64-channel field potential recording	ACC	LFS (1 Hz, 15 min)	Rescue of lost LTD by mGluR1 activation	[38]
*Bone cancer pain*	Mouse	Whole-cell patch-clamp recording	ACC	Paired training	Impaired LTD accompanied by reduced NMDA receptor expression	[47]
*Tail amputation*	Mouse	64-channel field potential recording	IC	LFS (1 Hz, 15 min)	Impaired electrical LTD	The present study
*Tail amputation*	Mouse	64-channel field potential recording	IC	DHPG-LTD	Intact chemical LTD	The present study

Notes: ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; DHPG, (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine; IC, insular cortex; LFS, low-frequency stimulation; LTD, long-term depression.

ISSN: 1744-8069