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Figure 9 | Molecular Pain

Figure 9

From: Peripheral administration of morphine attenuates postincisional pain by regulating macrophage polarization through COX-2-dependent pathway

Figure 9

Schematic diagram of morphine-induced analgesia representing the molecular pathways in macrophages. Peripherally administered morphine alters macrophage polarity through a COX2/PGE2-dependent pathway. Morphine-induced changes in macrophage polarity decrease IL-1β levels, and increase PGE2 and enkephalin in the late phase. HO-1 might be upstream of μ opioid receptor signaling.

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Molecular Pain

ISSN: 1744-8069

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