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Figure 2 | Molecular Pain

Figure 2

From: Activated spinal astrocytes are involved in the maintenance of chronic widespread mechanical hyperalgesia after cast immobilization

Figure 2

Glial cell activation spread beyond the immobilized hindlimb. (A) Schematic time-line for fixation and immunohistochemistry (1 d: 1 day, w: weeks). (B) Schematic illustration of the spinal cord segments, 4th lumbar (L4) and 1st coccygeal (Co1). Predefined square areas including lamina II–IV designate the area of quantitative analysis of microglia and astrocyte activation. (C) Glial staining indicating glial activation. Quantitative analysis was performed by a blindfolded independent observer using a counter. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D, E) Temporal patterns of glial cells in L4 (D) and Co1 (E) using OX42 and GFAP staining. Scale bar = 50 μm. (F, G) Number of positive labeled glial cells with OX42 and GFAP staining in L4 (F) and Co1 (G) segments. Upper graph shows the number of positive labeled activated glial cells; lower graph shows the total number of positive labeled glial cells. Results shown are the mean ± SEM (n = 4–6). *p < 0.05 compared with the intact group (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test).

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Molecular Pain

ISSN: 1744-8069

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