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Figure 4 | Molecular Pain

Figure 4

From: High concentrations of morphine sensitize and activate mouse dorsal root ganglia via TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors

Figure 4

Bradykinin sensitizes activation of neurons by morphine and naloxone. Repetitive activation of DRG neurons elicited by 40 s applications of morphine and naloxone. Bradykinin reversibly sensitized calcium influx evoked by both morphine (n = 111) and naloxone (n = 91) but did not evoke a response when applied alone 40 s prior to morphine or naloxone. Bars indicate application periods; data are presented as mean ± SEM. The lower panel summarizes the calcium increases normalized to individual responses to 60 mM KCl. *p < 0.05

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