Figure 5

The detailed scheme for HEWMA analysis. A. Group results of the rostral ventromedial medulla generated from the HEWMA analysis. The estimated change-point (CP) for onset activation was indicated as green line. Grey shading presented the standard error of EWMA statistic. B. The corrected p-value generated from the Monte Carlo simulations. Black line: observed max T; distribution: null hypothesis max T. C. Case weights equaled to the inverse of total variation (including within-subject and between-subject variation) for certain subject. Weights are based on variability during the baseline interval, meaning that higher variance may result in a lower weight for that subject. D. The individual time courses for the 16 subjects.