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Figure 1 | Molecular Pain

Figure 1

From: Dietary grape seed polyphenols repress neuron and glia activation in trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal nucleus caudalis

Figure 1

Basal MPK-1 expression is increased in both neurons and satellite glia cells after GSE treatment. (A) An image from a longitudinal section of trigeminal ganglia costained with the neuronal cell marker NeuN, the glial cell marker Kir4.1, or the nuclear dye DAPI is shown. The bottom right image shows a merged image of NeuN, Kir 4.1 and DAPI staining. Thick horizontal arrows identify the cell bodies of neurons while thin vertical arrows indicate satellite glia cells. (B) Sections of the posterolateral portion of the ganglion (V3) were obtained from untreated animals (CON) or animals treated with GSE for 14 days (GSE). Images of neuron-satellite glial cell enriched regions stained for MKP-1 are shown in the top panels. The bottom panels represent the same section costained for MKP-1 and DAPI. (C) The average fold change ± SEM of MKP-1 staining intensity from control values, which were made equal to one, is reported (n = 3 independent experiments) * P < 0.01 when compared to control. Magnification bar = 50 μm.

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