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Figure 4 | Molecular Pain

Figure 4

From: Analgesic effect of highly reversible ω-conotoxin FVIA on N-type Ca2+ channels

Figure 4

Effects of intrathecal CTx-FVIA and -MVIIA on acute and inflammatory pains. (A) Effects of CTx-FVIA on acute pain responses. CTx-FVIA (10 ng) was administered intrathecally 5 min before the indicated tests. There were 7-10 animals in each group. (B-D) Effects of CTx-FVIA and -MVIIA on pain responses elicited by acetic acid (intraperitoneal), substance P, glutamate, TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ (intrathecal). These agents were applied 5 min after 10 ng CTx-FVIA or -MVIIA was administered intrathecally. Pain responses, including writhing, licking, biting and scratching, were measured for 30 min after injection. (B) Acetic acid-induced writhing counts. (C) Cumulative duration of neurotransmitter-evoked pain behavior. (D) Cumulative duration of inflammatory cytokine-evoked pain behavior. The data are presented as means ± SEM. There were 9-13 animals in each group. Con (control) refers to the saline-treated group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005 vs. control.

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