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Figure 2 | Molecular Pain

Figure 2

From: Antinociceptive effect of cyclic phosphatidic acid and its derivative on animal models of acute and chronic pain

Figure 2

Effects of i.v. cPA and 2ccPA on somato-cardiac sympathetic A- and C-reflexes. A, Specimen records of A- and C-reflexes (averages of 50 trials) elicited by single electrical stimulation of a tibial nerve using 10 V of stimulus strength. Left: prior to 2ccPA application (control). Right: 15 min after i.v. injection of 0.1 mg/kg 2ccPA. B, Graphical summary of the size of the C-reflex at 0-5 min before cPA/2ccPA injection (control; n = 8), at 10-15 min after i.v. injection of 0.2 mg/kg 2ccPA (n = 4), and 0.2 mg/kg (n = 4) and 2 mg/kg (n = 4) cPA. We averaged 1-2 trials for each rat. The mean size (area under the evoked response curve) of the C-reflex at 0-10 min before each injection was expressed as 100%. All subsequent reflexes were expressed as percentages of the control values. Each column and vertical bar represent mean and S.E. *P < 0.05; significantly different from the control response by Student's t-test.

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