Skip to main content
Figure 5 | Molecular Pain

Figure 5

From: Antinociceptive effect of cyclic phosphatidic acid and its derivative on animal models of acute and chronic pain

Figure 5

Effects of i.v. 2ccPA on licking and biting time. A, Time variations of licking and biting time of mice s.c. injected with 30 μL of 2% formalin in the mouse hind paw immediately after i.v. injection with 10 mg/kg (closed triangle) 2ccPA or vehicle (open circle). Morphine (3 mg/kg i.p.) was applied 30 min prior to formalin injection as a control. Each data point represents the average licking and biting time for 8-13 mice. B, Graphical summary of the total phase I and II licking and biting times of mice at 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg 2ccPA. All data represent the mean ± S.E. *P < 0.05; significantly different from the control response by Student's t-test.

Back to article page