Figure 5From: Antinociceptive effect of cyclic phosphatidic acid and its derivative on animal models of acute and chronic pain Effects of i.v. 2ccPA on licking and biting time. A, Time variations of licking and biting time of mice s.c. injected with 30 μL of 2% formalin in the mouse hind paw immediately after i.v. injection with 10 mg/kg (closed triangle) 2ccPA or vehicle (open circle). Morphine (3 mg/kg i.p.) was applied 30 min prior to formalin injection as a control. Each data point represents the average licking and biting time for 8-13 mice. B, Graphical summary of the total phase I and II licking and biting times of mice at 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg 2ccPA. All data represent the mean ± S.E. *P < 0.05; significantly different from the control response by Student's t-test.Back to article page