From: Translational investigation and treatment of neuropathic pain
Compound | Mode of action |
---|---|
Antidepressants | Â |
   Nortriptyline | Inhibition of both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake |
   Desipramine | Inhibition of both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake |
   Duloxetine | Inhibition of both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake |
   Venlafaxine | Inhibition of both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake |
Anticonvulsants | Â |
   Gabapentin | Decreases release of glutamate, norepinephrine, and substance P, with ligands on α2-δ subunit of voltage |
   Pregabalin | Decreases release of glutamate, norepinephrine, and substance P, with ligands on α2-δ subunit of voltage |
Lacosamide | Decreases release of presynaptic transmitters, inhibition of voltage-gated sodium-channel. |
Opioid agonists | Â |
   Morphine | μ-receptor agonism |
Oxycodone | μ-receptor agonism |
   Methadone | μ-receptor agonism,κ-receptor antagonism |
   Levorphanol | μ-receptor agonism |
   Tramadol | μ-receptor agonism, inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake |
Topical therapy | Â |
   5% lidocaine patch | Block of sodium channels |
   High-dose capsaicin patch | Damage of nociceptive sensory axons, a highly selective activating ligand for TRPV1,. |
   Botulinum toxin. | Inhibition of both the exocytosis of acetylcholine and some other neurotransmitters |