Table 5 Significant differences in pain-, neurotrophin-, nerve-related and disc genes in herniated discs compared to control (CHTN) discs

A. Pain-, Neurotrophin-, Nerve-related Genes:

Adrenergic, beta, receptor kinase 1

Ataxin 1

Calcitonin gene related peptide

Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit

Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 2 subunit

Cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 7

Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1

Clusterin

Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1

EPH receptor B3

Family with sequence similarity 134, member B

GABA(A) receptor-associated protein

GABA A receptor, beta 2

G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, member C

G protein-coupled receptor 52

G protein-coupled receptor 161

G protein signaling modulator 2 (AGS3-like)

Glutamate receptor, metabotropic 5

Glutaminase

Glutathione peroxidase 1

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 1

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 5

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 7

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 10

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 11

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 12

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 13

Kallidrein-related peptidase 8

Monoglyceride lipase

Myelin basic protein

Natriuretic peptide receptor B/guanylate cyclase B (atrionatriuretic peptide receptor B)

Neogenin homolog 1

Nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide)

Neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 4-like

Neuromedin U receptor 2

Neuro-oncological ventral antigen 1

Neurofibromin 1

Neuromedin U receptor 2

Neuropilin 2

Neuroplastin

Opioid growth factor receptor-like 1

Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1

Pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1

PDZ and LIM domain 5

Plexin A1

Potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 10

Prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53 kDa

Regulator of G-protein signaling 3

Regulator of G-protein signaling 12

Regulator of G-protein signaling 14

Reticulon 4 (neurite growth inhibitor)

Roundabout, axon guidance receptor, homolog 3

S100 calcium binding protein A6

S100 calcium binding protein A9

S100 calcium binding protein B

Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor

Solute carrier family 1 (glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter), member 4

Solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, creatine), member 8

Solute carrier family 22, member 17

Solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1

Solute carrier family 38, member 1

Solute carrier family 38, member 2

Solute carrier family 44, member 2

Syntaxin 1A (brain)

Syntaxin binding protein 1

Thy-1 cell surface antigen

Xylosyltransferase I

B. Proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes:

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22

IL 11 receptor, alpha

IL 17 receptor C

IL 27 receptor, alpha

IL 31 receptor A

IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1

IL-23, alpha subunit P19

Interferon gamma receptor 2

Latent TGF beta binding protein 1

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor

PDGF receptor, alpha polypeptide

TGF beta

TGF beta receptor 1

TNF alpha-induced protein 6

TNF receptor superfamily, member 11b

TNF receptor superfamily, member 12A

TNF receptor superfamily, member 25

TNF receptor-associated factor 3

TNF superfamily, member 11

C. Genes with special relevance to the disc:

ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17

BCL2-associated athanogene 5

Caspase 6, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase

Collagen type I, alpha 2

Collagen type II, alpha 1

Collagen type III, alpha 1

Collagen type VI, alpha 2

Collagen type VI, alpha 3

Collagen type VI, alpha 1

Collagen type XI, alpha 1

Collagen type IX, alpha 3

EGF receptor pathway substrate 8

EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 2

Fibronectin 1

Fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein 2

Growth arrest-specific 1

Growth arrest-specific 7

Heat shock 70 kDa protein 8

Hypoxia indicuble factor 3, alpha subunit

Hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1A)

Jun oncogene

Lumican

Lysly oxidase-like 2

Mitogen activated protein kinase 1

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 13

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14

Never in mitosis gene a (NIMA)-related kinase 8

Never in mitosis gene a (NIMA)-related kinase 7

Proteoglycan 4

SOD 1, soluble

SPARC/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoclycan (testican) 1 (SPOCK1)

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor

TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2

TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3

Versican

Vitamin D receptor