Figure 1

Diagram of some techniques used in rat models of low back pain. A: in the chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion (CCD) model, a metal rod is inserted over the lumbar DRG and left in place. B: LID: local inflammation of the dorsal root ganglion is achieved by depositing the immune stimulator zymosan in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant over the lumbar DRG. C: Continuous local application of drugs such as the persistent Na current blocker riluzole to the DRG is achieved by connecting an osmotic pump to a small glass needle, inserted beneath the perineurium of the adjacent spinal nerve.