Figure 3From: Voluntary movements as a possible non-reflexive pain assayThe effects of morphine on voluntary movements in carrageenan-injected rats. (A) Numbers of rearings were measured at 4h after carrageenan injection. Morphine was administered i.p. at 2 or 10 mg/kg 10 min before testing (n = 7–8). (B) Total distances moved over 20 min were measured 4h after carrageenan injection and 10 min after administering morphine (2 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) (n = 7–8). (C) The effect of morphine on motor coordination was examined using the rotarod test in rats treated with 2 or 10 mg/kg of morphine. Times on the beam were recorded as latencies (n = 5–7).Back to article page