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Figure 2 | Molecular Pain

Figure 2

From: Peripheral administration of morphine attenuates postincisional pain by regulating macrophage polarization through COX-2-dependent pathway

Figure 2

Depletion of local macrophages resulted in decreased analgesic effects of morphine. (A) Macrophage depletion after intraplantar injection of 10 μL clodronate liposomes was evaluated by immunostaining for local F4/80+ macrophages. Green: F4/80; blue: DAPI. Scale bar: 50 μm. (B) The number of F4/80+ macrophages was reduced by clodronate liposomes. *P < 0.01 (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc testing). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 6 for each group). (C) The elevated withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli induced by morphine was reversed by clodronate liposomes. *P < 0.05, Empty-Mor compared with Empty-Veh, **P < 0.05, Empty-Mor compared with Clodronate-Veh, ***P < 0.05, Empty-Mor compared with Clodronate-Mor (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc testing). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 8 for each group). Empty-Veh; empty liposomes 10 μL + vehicle (PBS), Clodronate-Veh; clodronate liposomes10μL + vehicle (PBS), Empty-Mor; empty liposomes 10 μL + morphine 10 μg, Clodronate-Mor; clodronate liposomes 10 μL + morphine 10 μg.

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Molecular Pain

ISSN: 1744-8069

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