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Figure 2 | Molecular Pain

Figure 2

From: Voluntary movements as a possible non-reflexive pain assay

Figure 2

The effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on voluntary movements in carrageenan-injected rats. (A) Numbers of rearings and the total distances moved over 20 min were measured at 4 h after carrageenan injection. Data represent the percentage of the numbers of rearing or total distances relative to their control values. Ibuprofen (20 mg/kg) and vehicle were administrated i.p. into rats 30 min before test (n = 7–8). (B) Numbers of rearings and the total distances moved over 20 min were measured at 4 h after carrageenan injection. Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) and saline were administrated i.p. into rats 1hr before test (n = 7–8). (C) Numbers of rearings and the total distances moved over 20 min were measured at 4 h after carrageenan injection. Celecoxib (10 mg/kg) and saline were administrated p.o. into rats before test (n = 7–8). (D-E) The effects of ibuprofen and diclofenac (D) and celecoxib (E) on motor function. Rotarod test was examined in rats treated with of ibuprofen (20 mg/kg), diclofenac (10 mg/kg), celecoxib (10 mg/kg), or vehicle. Time on the beam was recorded as latency (n = 7–9).

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