Sex differences in opioid analgesia and addiction: interactions among opioid receptors and estrogen receptors

Molecular Pain

Table 1 Sex differences in opioid analgesia and addiction in human

Opioid	Receptor	Model	Effect	Reference
Buprenorphine	ORL1 agonist	Postoperative pain	M < F	[47–49]
	MOR partial agonist
	KOR antagonist
Butorphanol	MOR partial agonist	Acute injury	M = F	[50]
	KOR agonist	Thermal, pressure, and ischemic pain (experimental)	M = F	[51]
		Postoperative dental surgery	M < F	[52]
		Cold-water stimulus (experimental)	M > F	[53]
Fentanyl	MOR agonist	Postoperative pain	M < F	[54]
Fentanyl	MOR agonist		M = F	[55]
Ketobemidone	MOR agonist	Postoperative pain	M = F	[56]
Ketobemidone	NMDA antagonist	Postoperative pain	M = F	[56]
Methadone	MOR agonist	Cancer pain	M = F	[57]
Morphine	MOR agonist	Acute injury	M > F	[50]
	KOR agonist	Thermal, pressure, and ischemic pain (experimental)	M = F	[51]
	DOR agonist
		Postoperative pain	M > F	[32, 33]
			M = F	[58–60]
			M < F	[30, 61–64]
Nalbuphine	KOR agonist	Postoperative pain	M = F	[65]
	MOR antagonist	Postoperative pain	M = F	[65]
	MOR antagonist	Postoperative dental surgery	M < F	[52, 66]
Pentazocine	KOR agonist	Acute pain (experimental)	M = F	[67, 68]
	MOR partial agonist		M < F	[69]
	MOR partial agonist	Postoperative dental surgery	M < F	[70]
Pethidine	MOR agonist	Postoperative pain	M = F	[60, 71]
Pethidine	KOR agonist	Postoperative pain	M = F	[60, 71]
Heroin	MOR agonist	Addiction epidemic	M > F	[8, 37]
	KOR agonist	Adolescent drug users	M < F	[38]
	DOR agonist

ISSN: 1744-8069